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Metformin HCl — Prescription Reference
Biguanide antihyperglycaemic agent — prescription-only reference listing
- Mol. weight165.62 g/mol (hydrochloride); 129.16 g/mol (free base)
Supplied for laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use, and not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Overview
Prescription-only reference listing. Metformin hydrochloride is a prescription medicine. It appears in this institutional catalogue as a reference entry so that clinics, pharmacies and laboratories can identify the compound, its chemistry, its approved indication and its storage requirements. It is supplied only against a valid prescription or documented institutional authorisation, and no dosing, titration or sourcing guidance is given here.
Specifications
Identity
- CAS number
- 1115-70-4 (hydrochloride); 657-24-9 (free base)
- Molecular formula
- C4H11N5 · HCl
- Molecular weight
- 165.62 g/mol (hydrochloride); 129.16 g/mol (free base)
Additional detail
- Regulatory status
- Prescription-only medicine (Rx); supplied solely against valid prescription or institutional authorisation
- Generic name
- Metformin hydrochloride
- Chemical name
- 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride
- Drug class
- Biguanide antihyperglycaemic agent
- Appearance
- White to off-white crystalline powder, freely soluble in water
- Proposed mechanism
- Suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis, associated with mitochondrial complex I inhibition, altered cellular AMP:ATP ratio and AMPK activation
- Transport and elimination
- Substrate of OCT1, OCT2 and MATE transporters; not metabolised, excreted unchanged in urine
- Reference size listed
- 500 mg × 60 tablets
- Storage
- Controlled room temperature, 20–25 °C, in the original container, protected from moisture
- Intended use
- Reference listing only — prescription medicine, not supplied for non-prescribed use
Questions about Metformin HCl — Prescription Reference
Is metformin available without a prescription?
No. Metformin hydrochloride is a prescription-only medicine in the United States and in most other jurisdictions. This page is a reference listing in an institutional catalogue, describing the compound and its regulatory status; product is supplied only against a valid prescription or documented institutional authorisation.
How does metformin lower blood glucose?
Mainly by suppressing hepatic glucose production. The leading account is mild inhibition of mitochondrial complex I, which raises the AMP:ATP ratio and activates AMPK while restraining gluconeogenic flux; inhibition of mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase alters cytosolic redox. Gut-based effects on GLP-1 and the microbiome are also studied.
Why does the labelling carry a boxed warning?
Because of lactic acidosis, a rare but serious accumulation-related event. Risk rises with renal impairment, hepatic impairment, hypoxaemic conditions, acute illness and excess alcohol intake. Metformin is not metabolised and is cleared unchanged by the kidney, so renal function determines exposure and drives the labelled eGFR limits.
Why is it catalogued with NMN and rapamycin?
By research theme only: all three recur in nutrient-sensing and ageing-biology literature. The grouping reflects shared subject matter in published work rather than any recommendation to combine them, and metformin's prescription status and approved indication are unaffected by that adjacency.
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